Teacher presenting a reported speech lesson to an ESL classroom

Teaching Reported Speech: 9 Best ESL Activities & Games

Quick Answer: Reported speech (also called indirect speech) is how we tell someone what another person said without quoting their exact words — “I’m tired” becomes She said she was tired. Teaching it well means drilling three moving parts at once: the tense usually shifts back one step, pronouns change to match the new speaker,…

Teaching paragraph structure to a student writing at a classroom desk

Teaching Paragraph Structure: The Hamburger Method

Quick Answer: Teaching paragraph structure means showing students that every good paragraph has three jobs: a topic sentence that states one main idea, two to four supporting sentences that prove it, and a concluding sentence that closes it. The hamburger method turns those three parts into a picture students remember — top bun, fillings, bottom…